Abstract: In 1904, Ellen Richards introduced “euthenics.” By 1912, Lewellys Barker, director of medicine and physician-in-chief at Johns Hopkins Hospital, would tell the New York Times that the “task of eugenics” and the “task of euthenics” was the “Task for the Nation.” Alongside the emergence of hereditarian eugenics, where fate was firmly rooted in heredity, […]
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Abstract: Accounts of distinctively human cognition increasingly agree that culture is constitutive rather than merely additive, yet they continue to assume that each cognitive capacity has a canonical developmental pathway (Carruthers 2026; Tomasello 2024). The multiple routes model of enculturation denies this. There is no canonical route to an enculturated capacity, and structurally different processes […] |
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Abstract: Contemporary biologists and philosophers often explain unicellular behaviour in terms of simple stimulus-response mechanisms, even where it appears to involve memory, learning, or context-sensitive evaluation. This talk traces one historical route by which exhaustive explanations in terms of reflex-like behaviour became presumptively available for organisms lacking nervous systems: the animal preparation experiments of eighteenth- and […] |
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